API 5UE pdf free download

API 5UE pdf free download.Ultrasonic Evaluation of Pipe Imperfections.
4 Application 4.1 BASIS FOR INSPECTION The basis for prove-up inspection is the applicable API Specification, or a supplemental specification or contract. The specifications or contract shall be the basis to determine the type and location of imperfection which must be detected by inspection, and the acceptance/rejection criteria for the imperfection. 4.2 APPLICABILITY OF INSPECTION The techniques contained in this RP are applicable to pipe regardless of size and type. 4.3 VARIABILITY OF RESULTS Every inspection and measurement process is characterized by an inherent variability of results. The results of the nonde- structive inspections included in this RP are dependent on the inherent variability of the techniques used and in part are attributable to the following factors: 4.3.1 Applicable API specifications permit options in the selection of the reference indicator. 4.3.2 Each manufacturer of nondestructive inspection equipment uses different mechanical and electronic designs. 4.3.3 Transducer frequency, diameter, focus, and angle beam wedge curvature. 4.3.4 Temperature. 4.3.5 Couplant. 4.3.6 Skill of inspector. 4.3.7 Surface condition variance between the reference standard and material to be inspected. 4.3.8 Configuration of the weld.5 Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel As a minimum, ASNT RP No. SNT-TC-1A (or equivalent) shall be the basis of certification for ultrasonic testing person- nel. Ultrasonic inspections shall be conducted by Level I, II, or III certified inspectors. Inspection personnel shall be trained and skilled in the techniques covered in this document and familiar with the applicable API pipe specifications. 6 Prove-up Technique Descriptions 6.1 AMPLITUDE COMPARISON TECHNIQUE (ACT) The ACT is based on the premise that the amount of sound reflected from a material imperfection is proportional to the surface area of the imperfection. The peak signal amplitude from an imperfection is compared to that of a reference indi- cator of known size or depth. Note: Empirical data has proven, when applying the ACT to the siz- ing of radial imperfections in tubular products, accuracy may vary due to several factors, which may include the material entry surface condition and the shape, orientation, and surface roughness of the imperfection. 6.2 Amplitude Distance Differential Technique (ADDT) The ADDT is based on the premise that the radial depth of an imperfection affects both the amplitude of the received echo signal and the differential time of flight of the transmit- ted ultrasonic wave as it passes over the imperfection. ADDT relates to the loss of signal amplitude, relative to time (distance), as the ultrasonic beam is moved over the imperfection. The amount of time (distance) to incur a 50% drop in amplitude of the returned signal is related to the depth of the imperfection. A discussion of the ADDT method is included in A.1.7.3 REFERENCE STANDARDS A reference standard of the same specified diameter and thickness as the material being inspected shall be used. The material shall have ultrasonic velocity and attenuation proper- ties that are similar to those of the pipe being inspected and be free of imperfections. The surface condition of the reference standard and the area being evaluated shall be similar. This shall be achieved by taking the reference standard and the area being evaluated from the same lot or by conditioning (e.g., buffing) them to achieve a similar surface condition. The reference standard can be made from any convenient length or section of pipe.API 5UE pdf download.