API TR 2580 pdf free download
API TR 2580 pdf free download.API MPMS Chapter 11.3.4 Miscellaneous Hydrocarbon Product Properties— Denatured Ethanol and Gasoline Component Blend Densities and Volume Correction Factors.
The volumetric properties of gasolines are well-characterized by API MPMS Chapter 11.1 which is widely accepted by industry. This standard is also implemented in thousands of computing systems. An objective of the program was to create a process for density and volume correction for ethanol blended fuels that could be implemented within the context of API MPMS Chapter 11.1 applications preferably without changing the API MPMS Chapter 11.1 methodologies. The temperature-density behavior of denatured ethanol needed to be established and a standard procedure for calculating standard volumes published. Various sources of this information existed, predominately for pure ethanol, on different bases and with different levels of documentation. A testing protocol was developed that would gather sufficient information on various denatured ethanol/BOB blends so that the necessary thermal expansion coefficients for API MPMS Chapter 11.1 could be calculated. Additional testing was performed to determine how long a mixture required to reach a stable density.The BOB gasoline samples used were donated by one of the project sponsors and identified as FS5, FS6, FS7, and FS8. The different samples covered a range of densities, aromatic and saturate compositions, and Reid vapor pressures (RVPs). Detailed analyses of the BOB samples are included in the Annex A subfolder entitled “A.5 Section 7 Ethanol Gasoline Feedstock”. Individual blend samples are identified throughout the studies as some combination of the feedstock identifiers and the concentration of the denatured ethanol volume percent. As discussed below, the individual test runs were numbered and the results of all the tests on a single blend were also combined into datasets that were assigned numbers. Though these ID schemes were internally consistent within a single researcher, the user will find it easier to follow the suggestion above. The laboratory program was extended to include additional concentration-temperature pairs and testing continued in phases from 2008 through 2013. In 2011, testing of 15 % and 35 % blends as well as retesting of the gasoline blend stock bases was authorized. Table 1 shows the range of testing data developed for the project. The four ethanol feedstocks (FS1 through FS4) and the BOB feedstocks (FS5 through FS8) were tested at –20 °C, –18.9 °C, –17.8 °C, –16.7 °C, –12.2 °C, –1.1 °C, 10 °C, 21.1 °C, 26.7 °C, 32.2 °C, 37.8 °C, and 43.3 °C (–4 °F, –2 °F, 0 °F, 2 °F, 10 °F, 30 °F, 50 °F, 70 °F, 80 °F, 90 °F, 100 °F and 110 °F). Blend samples of 15 % and 35 % denatured ethanol were added later to the original testing matrix. The 35 % blend was only tested at 15.6 °C (60 °F).There was a volume growth (density decrease) that occurred when blending denatured ethanol and gasoline blend stock. This effect is consistent with observations of “excess molar volume” reported in the literature for specific hydrocarbon and polar molecule mixtures. The alphas and volume growth calculated from the laboratory program data showed a sensitivity to the concentration of ethanol in the blend and led to later analysis phases of the overall project.As was expected, an “alpha” equation derived from the testing of BGE blends was required to accommodate the volume growth. When used with the alpha and excess volume equations developed in this effort, individual blends followed the API MPMS Chapter 11.1 expansion equation well, showing the continued utility of API MPMS Chapter 11.1.API TR 2580 pdf download.
